" Ringel, ringel, Rosenkranz", less in other lines – see Böhme (1897), 442–5. Other rhymes for the same game have some similarity in the first line, e.g. ^ The one commonly sung according to Böhme (1897), p.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list ( link) ^ a b Burne, Charlotte Sophia (ed.) (1883).^ "Gleanings from the Writings of the late Wm.^ "Ring a Ring a Roses, Ringa Ringa Roses - Poem Lyrics, Rhymes - Parenting Nation India".Mama Lisa's World of Children and International Culture. ^ a b c d Newell, William Wells (1884).^ Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, p.European and 19th-century versions of the rhyme suggest that this "fall" was not a literal falling down, but a curtsy or other form of bending movement that was common in other dramatic singing games.The great variety of forms makes it unlikely that the modern form is the most ancient one, and the words on which the interpretation are based are not found in many of the earliest records of the rhyme (see above).The symptoms described do not fit especially well with the Great Plague.The plague explanation did not appear until the mid-twentieth century.Counterarguments įolklore scholars regard the Great Plague explanation of the rhyme as baseless for several reasons: In March 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the traditional rhyme was jokingly proposed as the "ideal choice" of song to accompany hand-washing in order to ward off infection. In 1949, a parodist composed a version alluding to radiation sickness: In its various forms, the interpretation has entered into popular culture and has been used elsewhere to make oblique reference to the plague. The line Ashes, Ashes in colonial versions of the rhyme is claimed to refer variously to cremation of the bodies, the burning of victims' houses, or blackening of their skin, and the theory has been adapted to be applied to other versions of the rhyme. Sneezing or coughing was a final fatal symptom, and "all fall down" was exactly what happened. A rosy rash, they allege, was a symptom of the plague, and posies of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell of the disease. The invariable sneezing and falling down in modern English versions have given would-be origin finders the opportunity to say that the rhyme dates back to the Great Plague. Peter and Iona Opie, the leading authorities on nursery rhymes, remarked: Interpreters of the rhyme before World War II make no mention of this by 1951, however, it seems to have become well established as an explanation for the form of the rhyme that had become standard in the United Kingdom.
Since after the Second World War, the rhyme has often been associated with the Great Plague which happened in England in 1665, or with earlier outbreaks of the Black Death in England. The Great Plague explanation of the mid-20th century Again in 1898, sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures. Variations, especially more literal ones, were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game-rhyme. Īccording to Games and Songs of American Children, published in 1883, the "rosie" was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center. In 1892, the American writer, Eugene Field wrote a poem titled Teeny-Weeny that specifically referred to fay folk playing ring-a-rosie. Another suggestion is more literal, that it was making a "ring" around the roses and bowing with the "all fall down" as a curtsy. The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states, "Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses, as Freyja wept gold." It claimed the first instance to be indicative of pagan beings of light. In 1898, A Dictionary of British Folklore contained the belief that an explanation of the game was of pagan origin, based on the Sheffield Glossary comparison of Jacob Grimm's Deutsche Mythologie. Folklore scholars, however, regard the Great Plague explanation, that has been the most common since the mid-20th century, as baseless.
The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation. Leslie Brooke (1862–1940) for "All Tumble Down" from Anon, Ring O' Roses (1922)
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